USER MANUALS


Queries: SELECT Statement

To query a view, use the SELECT statement. The following subsections describe the use of each of the clauses of the SELECT statement.

The syntax of all the VQL statements can be obtained by executing the command HELP (see section Help Command).

Syntax of the SELECT statement
<query> ::=
  [ WITH <common table expressions> ]
  { <select> | <complex select> }
  [ <order by> ]
  [ <result offset clause> ]
  [ <fetch first clause> ]
  [ CONTEXT ( <context information> [ , <context information> ]* ) ]
  [ TRACE ]

<select> ::=
  SELECT [ DISTINCT ] <select fields>
  FROM <view> [ , <view> ]*
  [ WHERE <condition> | <subselect condition> ]
  [ GROUP BY <group by field> [ , <group by field> ]*
    [ HAVING <condition> ]
  ]

<complex select> ::=
    <complex select> [ { UNION [ ALL ] | MINUS | INTERSECT }
                         <complex select> ]+
  | SELECT [ DISTINCT ] <select fields>
      FROM ( <complex select> [ <order by> ] )
  | ( <complex select> )
  | <select>

<select fields> ::=
  <select field> [ [ AS ] <alias:identifier> ]
  [, <select field> [ [ AS ] <alias:identifier> ] ]*

<select field> ::=
    *
  | <value>
  | <value> = <value>
  | ( <select> | <complex select> [ <order by> ] )

<common table expressions> ::=
  <common table expression> [ , <common table expression> ]*

<common table expression> ::=
  <query name:view identifier>
  [ ( <field name:identifier> [ , <field name:identifier> ]* ) ]
  AS ( { <select> | <complex select> }
  [ <order by> ] )

<result offset clause> ::=
  OFFSET <offset row count:number> [ ROW | ROWS ]

<fetch first clause> ::=
    FETCH { FIRST | NEXT } [ <fetch first quantity:number> ] { ROW | ROWS } ONLY
  | LIMIT [ <number> ]

<view> ::=
    <simple view>
  | <join view>
  | ( <select> )

<simple view> ::=
    <view:identifier> [ [ AS ] <alias:identifier> ]
  | [ <database name:identifier> .]<procedure:identifier>
    ( [ <procedureParameter> [, <procedureParameter> ]* ] )
    [ [ AS ] <alias:identifier> ]
  | <flatten view>

<join view> ::=
    <inner view1:view> [ <method type> ] [ <order type> ] [ <join type> ]
    JOIN <inner view2:view> ON <condition>
  | <inner view1:view> NESTED PARALLEL [ <order type> ] [ <join type> ]
    JOIN [ <parallel number:integer> ] <inner view2:view> ON <condition>
  | <inner view1:view> [ <method type> ] [ <order type> ]
    NATURAL [ <join type> ] JOIN <inner view2:view>
  | <inner view1:view> NESTED PARALLEL [ <order type> ]
    NATURAL [ <join type> ] JOIN [ <parallel number:integer> ]
    <inner view2:view>
  | <inner view1:view> [ <method type> ] [ <order type> ] [ <join type> ]
    JOIN <inner view2:view> USING ( <field> [ , <field> ]* )
  | <inner view1:view> NESTED PARALLEL [ <order type> ] [ <join type> ]
    JOIN [ <parallel number:integer> ] <inner view2:view>
    USING ( <field> [ , <field> ]* )
  | <inner view1:view> CROSS JOIN <inner view2:view>

<inner view> ::=
    <simple view>
  | ( <view> )

<join type> ::=
    LEFT [ OUTER ]
  | RIGHT [ OUTER ]
  | FULL [ OUTER ]
  | INNER

<method type> ::=
    HASH
  | NESTED
  | MERGE

<order type> ::=
    ORDERED
  | REVERSEORDER

<join condition> ::=
    <simple join condition> [ AND <simple join condition> ]*
  | ( <join condition> )

<simple join condition> ::=
    <field1:field name> <binary operator> <field2:field name>
  | <field2:field name> <binary operator> <field1:field name>


<subselect condition> ::=
    <condition>
  | <subselect condition> AND <subselect condition>
  | <subselect condition> OR <subselect condition>
  | NOT <subselect condition>
  | <value> <binary operator> [ ALL | ANY ]
    ( <select> | <complex select> [ <order by> ] )
  | <value> [ NOT ] IN ( <select> | <complex select> [ <order by> ] )
  | [ NOT ] EXISTS ( <select> | <complex select> [ <order by> ] )

<column names> ::=
  <column name> [, <column name> ]*

<column name> ::=
    <identifier>
  | <literal>

<group by field> ::=
    <field name>
  | <expression> }

<order by> ::= (see Syntax of the ORDER BY clause (SELECT statement))

<flatten view> ::= (see Syntax of the FLATTEN operation)

<view identifier> ::= (see Basic elements of VQL statements)

<condition> ::= (see Rules for forming functions)

<unary operator> ::= (see Basic elements of VQL statements)

<binary operator> ::= (see Basic elements of VQL statements)

<field name> ::= (see Rules for forming functions)

<context information> ::= (see Syntax of the CONTEXT clause)

<value> ::= (see Rules for forming functions)

Add feedback